ADHD is known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
Neurological Basis:
-ADHD has proven neurological basis. It involves our brain's Neurotransmitter systems. Mainly Dopaminergic and Noradrenergic systems.
-Dopamine is involved in Reward, Quality of attention, Motivation, Pleasure, Confidence, Working memory, Social Cognition etc
-Norepinephrine is involved in Energy, Drive, Length of Attention, Interest in Life, Memory etc.
-In person with ADHD there is deficit in noradrenergic and dopaminergic Neurotransmission. This Deficit is not organic in nature nor there is any loss of neurons. There is no degeneration of Any neurons of above mentioned system.
-ADHD results from decreased availability of Dopamine and Norepinephrine in synapse of neuron.
This may be due to decreased release or due to rapid uptake of these by respective transporter DAT and NET.
-Main function of this transporter is to collect the released neurotransmitter and return it to its storage vesicle again. So it can be released again. In ADHD patients density of these transporters have been found to be very high in number than normal person in MRI and PET scans. This results in rapid washout of neurotransmitter from synapse which results in weak signal transmission. Weak signals of Noradrenergic and Dopaminergic system Gives rise to symptoms of ADHD.
How Medicines Work?
First line drugs for ADHD are stimulants like Methylphenidate, Dextroamphetamine, Dextromethamphetamine. Other includes Modafinil, Atomoxetine, Guanfacine, Tricyclic antidepressants, rarely anticonvulsants.
Stimulants exerts their effects by blocking DAT and NET transporters, thus delaying removal of these neurotransmitters from synapse and strengthens subsequent Neurotransmission. Moreover Amphetamine also causes release of there neurotransmitter by reversing the action of Transporters which results in release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicle into synapse.
Neurological Basis:
-ADHD has proven neurological basis. It involves our brain's Neurotransmitter systems. Mainly Dopaminergic and Noradrenergic systems.
-Dopamine is involved in Reward, Quality of attention, Motivation, Pleasure, Confidence, Working memory, Social Cognition etc
-Norepinephrine is involved in Energy, Drive, Length of Attention, Interest in Life, Memory etc.
-In person with ADHD there is deficit in noradrenergic and dopaminergic Neurotransmission. This Deficit is not organic in nature nor there is any loss of neurons. There is no degeneration of Any neurons of above mentioned system.
-ADHD results from decreased availability of Dopamine and Norepinephrine in synapse of neuron.
This may be due to decreased release or due to rapid uptake of these by respective transporter DAT and NET.
-Main function of this transporter is to collect the released neurotransmitter and return it to its storage vesicle again. So it can be released again. In ADHD patients density of these transporters have been found to be very high in number than normal person in MRI and PET scans. This results in rapid washout of neurotransmitter from synapse which results in weak signal transmission. Weak signals of Noradrenergic and Dopaminergic system Gives rise to symptoms of ADHD.
How Medicines Work?
First line drugs for ADHD are stimulants like Methylphenidate, Dextroamphetamine, Dextromethamphetamine. Other includes Modafinil, Atomoxetine, Guanfacine, Tricyclic antidepressants, rarely anticonvulsants.
Stimulants exerts their effects by blocking DAT and NET transporters, thus delaying removal of these neurotransmitters from synapse and strengthens subsequent Neurotransmission. Moreover Amphetamine also causes release of there neurotransmitter by reversing the action of Transporters which results in release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicle into synapse.
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